System of electrical transmission



Oct. 23, 1928.

G. MUSSO SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION Filed Nov. 17. 1922 2Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.1.

Fig. 2.

INVENTOR.

, ATTORNEZK Oct. 23, 1928.

G. MUSSO SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION Filed Nov. 17; 1922 2Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig. 4.

Fig. 6.

IN VEN TOR.

WI TNESSE 8 Patented Oct. 23, 1928.

erusnrrn MUSSO, 0F HABANA, cuss.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION.

Application filed lfl'evember 1?, Q22. Serial No, 601,5 25.

In systems of this type, a local transmit-- ting circuit, includingsuitable transmitting apparatus, is connected through the line or cableto the receiving circuit and apparatus associated therewith at theopposite end of the line. These local circuits are usually con nected toearth, or grounded and the receiving end of the line is also grounded,so that the earth terms a part of the return circuit, with the line andconnected appara tus the other part of the circuit. If the earthconnection of the external circuit or line at the transmitting end is aperfect one, the standard transmission results, i. e, a circulating andcondensiye transmission, Which is subject to the impedance of the line.I have found that if the transmitting end of the line is not grounded,or if the connection to the earth is an i nperfectone, I can thenobtain, in addition to a standardtransmission nnpulse of a certain yaluea separate or additional transmission ilnpulsedue to that portion ofelectric energy which has not suc ceeded in overcoming the orobstruction to earth and was, consequently, repelled reflected back onthe line, troin the local til"- cuit, and thereby assumed a neiviormhaying distinctive and difi 'erent This form, according ,tO'111y View,is a non circulating, oscillating potential energy 0011- stituted oftree Waves, or transverse aves,

hich-propagate to the distant endo'f the line or cable in searchof asuitable Way 01 discharging to earth. I have found that such a form ofenerg 1 is not affected, in the usual vay,by the impedance oftheline' yI have found thatthis form of energy can he produced orin pressed, onthe transmission line, available for transmitting electri cal energyover, or through, lines oi hig'h impedance, by arranging suitahleconnections between the i arious elements, seyeral of which Lhaveillustrated i n the, accom any ng drawings, diagrammatically through adirect or indirect coupling, permanently or intermittently effected, ofan external or main transmission line to a localfor liQm circuit, so asto make the external l ne the seat of atransinission impulse inthe formof an oscillating energyor potential, capable, of varyin :hythm'ically wth the electric pulse-e dnera ed {in the local air, lit, consi dcharacteristics.

1,5, efies t som ,531 entlyexplained.

e e t i en y er.

lieier ni 11 li 'ceei g nd 01 t ansm ssi n ine, th

resulting discharge to ground of the oscillat- 1 en gy pera es we r wiin are? ratus. v v One direct coupling exemplified'in Fig. 1, by themetallic con ection, ate, ofan external line L to a: home circuit 1,2,3, 14:, 5 t}; i

' One indirect coupling is represented in Fig. 2, by a magnetic orinductive connection between the external line L andfthehoirie circuit1,2, 3,4, 5, 6; Here the ,c onnection is eflected by means of atransformer, of y vhich the prirnar ,4 forms part oi the home circuit,whileits secondary 9 belongs to the ex ternal line L, f l

Still another example of indirect coupling i Shown i f 3, y ih e i illicfid nection of the external'lineL tofthe hoine circuit 1 ,2, 3, 4,5; 6." Here theeonnection is established throughlthe ca facit'y C.

All couplings rep esentec in Figs. 1,2, 3, 4 and ,6, I coI Isider aspermanent couplings, while I regard the coupling shown "in 'Fig. 5 {asan meme-en c rp ine In ia 5, th coupling ol'i the external circuit Lwith the heme circuit 1', 2, 5, 6, occurs eyery'tiine the lever 18,10"1g attracted byithe magnet twill repr sifs ng n Fig, i d cat reso r ofPerwdi lc t omo ye force; aurotransifor ner; 8 acouventionalrepresentatlcn bf anyv i able r era resid es a supp c ele t ene y; 'E'mn ecio 'With'tlie earth;

In Fig. 2, 1 represents ,a source of periodic ec e i e 13mm and? the prary a thesecondi fy, IB pcctiyely, oi a transformer enb a e r resen m oflany suitable "apparatus requiring sh p ly'of 'a sein In Fig. 3, 1indicates a. source of periodic clcctromotive force; 4anautotranstoriner5 8 is a conventional representation of any suitableapparatus requiring a supply of electric 1 energy for its operation; theearth.

Fig. 4- shows a simplified telegraph circuit, consisting of thecombination of a home circuit 1, 2, 3, 4-, 5, 6, 10, 12,'and of anexternal line L permanently connected at 3. The home circuit containsa"telegraph transmitting device 11, 6; an inductance 1 and a E aconnection with source of electromotive force 1, preferably,

periodic. The external line includes a'telegraph receiver or relay 8,"connected between the line L at 7 and the earth at E.

, Figi5 represents asimplilied telegraph cir cu1t,consist 1ng of thecombination of a home circuit 1, 2, 3, l, 5, 6, and or an external lineL, made'susceptible of being rapidly coupled or separated at will throuh the contacts 1 6 and, by he operation 0i the transmitting devleei W h,Wlll be Presently described. The home circuit (3011 631115 Source ofe1eC tromotive' force 1, preferably periodic, and

- it may alsoinclude an autotranstormer/l.

The external line contains the contact'lever l8 atthe transmitting end,anda receiving device j8 inserted between the line L at 7v and theearth'at E, at the receiving end. An

auxiliary local circuit 10, 12, 22, 15, 2G, 21, 14,

i 13, includes an electromagnet ,15, a battery 14 and a transmittingdevice or telegraph key "'11, pivoted'at12; By depressing the key 11,

the contact 10,13 isclosed, the magnet 15 energized and the contactlever 18 attracted,

' causing the contact17, 16 to be established,

and, con sequently, the Lline L to receive charges of potent als,corresponding to the variations of electromotivc force takingplace,atthe time, in the home circuit 1, 2,

'surroi'inding'inedium, or earth.

3, 4, 5, 6. '18'-is a sprlngintended to keep the contact 16,17 normallyopen.

Fig. 6 suggests a telephone connection suitable for a two-wayconversation. Station west and stat-ion east are represented assymmetrical. 1, 1' are telephone transmitters; B, B batteries 4.1 4tinductance-s; 7 7 telephone receivers; 8, 8 reactors, servingpartlyaschoke coils to the outgoing waves, ant,

-partly, as, intensifiers infavor o'lt' the-incoming waves 'E, E? areconnections to the In order to attain the desired conditions,

= it not sufficient to merely interpose resistances between the localclrcuit and earth.

While the points having one v polarity, at 5 and 5, F 6,, are connectedto earth, the

points having opposite polarity, 3 and 3,

should preferably be broughtfa'r from the surface of the earth, or anysurroundingmaterial medium connected with the earth, and

the greater the imperfection or possibility of direct grounding, thepurer is the resulting transmission. It points 3 and 3' are situatedstantaneously, is forced to live longer in this open 'circuit, givingrise to actual oscillations.

Or, putting the statement in a'slightly different form eachsucceedingimpul'se'is converted into a series of damped waves, which. in

their propagation over the transmission line, behave quitedifferentlyfrom the ordinary circulating, closedpcircuit, impulses, andthis is the energy utilized and primarily responsible for any system oftransmission.

It is nowevident, by an examination 01";

any r of the above explained diagrams, that the external line Lrepresents neither a metallic circuit nor a grounded circuit, in themeaning these expressions arecommonly accepted. Intact, it'prevents, inour case, all possibility for circulating charging currents to passfromone home circuit to its connecting external line,- for want of aipathwherein to cir'culate. This external line can riat-ions-of energyimpulses or electromotive 'torce taking place in itsparticular homeciicuit, in accordance with the transmitting dein a closedcircuitrwouldcease to exist inonly receive rhythmic potentialcharges of oscillatingenergy, corresponding to the va- Ion vice therein employed, and suchpotential charges can be converted intousetul energy byproperly;neutralizing them or discharging thereto the surrounding mediumat any distant point ofthe line.

Again, if, byreterringto Fig. 6, we consider the transmission from onestation (station'west, for instance), .it appears evident that theelectric charges passing to the line L have the same sign or polarity asthose passing to'the Wire, leading to the localearth E, owingto theirbeing derived from a common point 5fso that there cannot arise in L anya manifestation capacity to earth, as it would be the case withcirculating charging currents. i

As far'as the earth connection is concerned, I have found that, in orderto obtain satisfactory results, it is not always indispensable to use asol-called igoodgroundc. It -'is ndeed suhicient, and, in manycases,preferable, t employ ,a quite mperfect connection with thesurrounding medium,"

. The method of transmitting electric energy by impressing electricimpulses on an external circuit having different characteristicstromthose of theinit'i'al impulses, which cons sts in converting asubstantial portion of the energy of a periodic elec'tromotive forcecirculating in a local circuit at one end oil a transmission line intotransmission impulses in the form, or non-circulating potential energyimpressed on the transmission line preventing the circulatingchargingcurrent of the initial impulse in said local circuit passing on saidtransmission line, and discharging said impulses to earth at theopposite end of the t'ansmission line, utilizing the discharge of saidimpressed potential impulses through receiving apparatus.

2. The method of transmitting electric en ergy by impressing electricimpulses on an eX- ternal circuit having different characteristics fromthose of the initial impulses, which consists in the establishing in alocal circuit circulating periodic impulses. impressing said impulses onthe transmission line in the form of oscillating; impulses preventingthe circu lating chargingcurii'ent ot the initial impulse in said localcircuit pa sing on said transmis sion line and dischara'ma saidoscillating; impulses to the earth at the receiving end of. thetransmission line, utilizing the discharge of said impressed potentialimpulses through receivingapparatus. i

3. The method of transmitting electric ene-rgy by impressing electricimpulses on an external circuit having different characteristics fromthose of the initial impulses, which consists in establishing; in alocal circuit circulating periodic impulses, prevent ing a substantialportion of the energy oi said impulses from passing to eartlrbut causingthe same to reflected on the transmission line in the form ofoscillating impulses preventingthe circulating charging current of theinitial impulse in said local circuit pas-sing on said transmisisonline, and discharging said oscillating impulses to the earth at thereceiving end of the transmission line utilizing; the discharge of saidimpressed potential impulses through receiving apparatus.

l. In a system for transmitting electric energy, means for impressingelectric impulses on an external circuit and means adapted to preventcirculating charging current of the initial impulses in a local circuitpassing; to said external circuit, said means comprising a local circuitincluding means adapted to set up circulating impulses in this localcircuit, said local circuit not being grounded or directly connected toearth, a transmission line coupled at one end to saidlocal circuit anddirectly connected to earth atits oppositeend through suitable receivingappara tus, and receiving apparatus adapted to be operated by thedischarge fron said transmission line to earth.

In a system for transmitting electricenorgy, means for impressingelectric impulses on an external circuit and means adapted to preventcirculating charging current of the initial impulses in a local circuitpassing to said external circuit, said means comprising a localcircuitinclu'ding a source of periodic ele'ctron'iotive force and atransmitting device, adapted to set up circulating impulses inthi-slocal circuit,

said local circuit not being groundedor directly connected to earth, atransmission line coupled at one end to said local circuit and directlyconnected to earth at its opposite endv through suitable receivingapparatus, and receiving apparatus adapted to be grounded or directlyconnected to earth, a.

transmission line coupled at one end with one terminal of saidinductance and directly connected to earth at its opposite end throughsuitable receiving apparatus, and receiving apparatus adapted to beoperated by the discharge from said transmission line to earth.

7 Ina system for transmitting electric energy, means for impressingelectric impulses on an external circuit and means adapted to preventcirculating charging current of the initial impulses in a local circuitpassing to said external circuit. said means comprising a. local circuitincluding a source of periodic electromotive force, a transformer and atransmitting device, the primary of said transformer being in seriestherewith, adapted to set up circulating impulses in said local circuit,neither the local circuit or transformer secondary being grounded ordirectly connected to earth, a transmission line con nected at one endwith one terminal ofthe secondar of said transformer and directlyconnecte to V earth at its opposite end through suitable receivingapparatus, and receiving apparatus adapted to be operated by thedischarge from said transmission line to earth.

8. In a system for transmitting electric energy, means for impressingelectric ll'IlPUlFES on an external circuit and means adapted to preventcirculating charging current of the initial impulses in a local circuitpassing; to said external circuit, said means comprising a transmissionline connecting two distant local circuits, each of said local circuitscomprising .a source of electromotive force, an inductance and atransi'nittingr device, one corresponding terminal of each of saidinductances being connected to the opposite ends respectively, of thetransmission line the receiving device, of the incoming transand toearth through areceiving device and mission impulses received over thetransmisanimpedance adapted to prevent the passage sion line from thelocal circuit at'the oppoof the outgoing transmission impulses from siteend thereof. I

i the local circuit at that end of the trensinis- Signed at Habana,Republic of Cuba, this ting the passage directly to earth, through sionline Which is transmitting While permit-V 31st clay of Oct, A. D. 1922.

\ l GIUSEPPE MUSSO.

